4. 副词：brightly sign.
5. 介词：through.
6. 代词：yourself.
7. 词组：come along， fall off， knock at， knock on， leave…behind， look up，to one's surprise.
【基础知识精讲】
1. Lily is falling off her bike。
fall off=fall down form 意思是“从…上摔下来”. 例如：
Be careful! Don't fall off the ladder.
小心点! 别从梯子上摔下来。
2. Look at this photo of Lily. 看莉莉的这张照片。
this photo of Lily. 强调的是照片中的人物就是莉莉，假如要强调这张照片归莉莉所有， 要用Lily's photo。
3. She taught herself. 她自学
teach oneself 意为“自学”如：
we teach ourselves Japanese 我们自学日语
teach sb sth 如：
Miss Gao taught them English last year. 高老师去年教他们英语。
4. He heard someone playing his sonata in F.
他听见某人正用F调在弹他的奏鸣曲。
hear sb doing 表示听到某人正在做什么. 如：
Lily heard Lin Tao singing in the classroom.
莉莉听见林涛正在教室里唱歌。
5. This piece of music is so difficult to play.
这首曲是如此难以弹奏。
so difficult to do sth. 表示“做什么事非常难”
too…to 则表示太…而不能做. 如：
She is too young to go to school. 她太小了而不能上学。
6. We cannot afford to buy tickets of the concert.
我们没有钱去买音乐会的票
afford to do sth 表示有“足够的钱去做什么事”
7. To his surprise he found the girl was blind.
使他惊奇的是，他发现那个女孩是个盲人。
to one's surprise. 使某人惊奇的是…
8. They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.
他们两个都沉浸在美妙的音乐中。
lost oneself in 沉浸于…中
9. After Beethoven went back home, he worked all night written down that new piece of music.
贝多芬回家后，他工作了一整夜，写下了那首新歌曲。
go back home 回家 all night 整夜 all day 整天 write down 写下
10. He had lots of money. 他有许多钱。
lots of 意为“许多，很多”相当于 a lot of. 它们既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，常用在肯定句中，否定句中常用many和much来代替，如：
I have quite a lot of homework to do.
我有很多作业要做。
He doesn't have much money. 他没有钱。
11. I don't enjoy myself very much. 我一点也不快乐。
enjoy oneself 意为“快乐，高兴”，指某人内心感到愉快。
We enjoyed ourselves during the holiday. 我们假期很快乐。
12. we're going on a trip tomorrow. 明天我们要去旅行。
13. would you like to come along? 你想一起去吗?
14. My little brother is too young to look after himself.
我弟弟太小了不能照顾自己。
look after oneself. 照看(顾)某人自己。
15. He may hurt himself and my parents will be very worried.
他也许会伤着自己，我父母会非常担心的。
16. Help yourselves. Help oneself to…请随便(取，吃什么东西). 如：
Help yourself to the cakes. 请随便吃些蛋糕。
17. Don't leave anything behind. 别丢下任何东西。
18. Thank you for serving us. 谢谢你招待我们。
Thank you for sth/doing. 谢谢某人某事。
典型例题
【课本难题解答】
1. 选择填空。
Please when the train leaves.
A. find B. look for C. find out D. found out
解析：答案C. find与find out都有“发现”的意思。find表示偶然发现某物，find out指经过一番努力之后才发现某物，查出某事。而look for意为“寻找”只表示动作，不表示结果。所以正确答案为C。
2. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
The Greens (have) breakfast now.
解析：从句中时间状语now判断，该句的谓语动词是正在发生，因此是现在进行时态，the Greens是姓氏复数前加the表示“……一家”是复数形式，所以正确答案是are having.